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Korean Traditional Martial Art Sippalki
Author: Bok Kyu Choi | Publisher Ehwa University Press, 173 pages illustrated. ISBN 978-89-7300-775-2
In the series titled 'The Roots of Korean Culture', the Ehwa University Press recently released ‘Korean Traditional Martial Arts - Sippalki’.
This work is an historical approach to Korean traditional martial arts, focusing on Sippalki, the eighteen martial arts for close combat of the Chosun Dynasty of Korea. The significance of Sippalki for the study of Korean martial arts history is crucial. It is the martial arts described in the illustrated manual Muyedobotongji (1790) and the turning point of Korean martial arts history from pre-modern to modern. This book describes Korean martial arts before and after Muyedobotongji.
Martial arts have traditionally been of vital importance to Koreans. The Korean martial arts such as spearmanship and archery were very reknowned even in China. Mural paintings in the Koguryo period show many kinds of martial arts of that era which were long range martial arts like archery and cross bow, and short range martial arts like spearmanship and swordsmanship. The military class of the Koryo Dynasty enjoyed martial activities like Gyukgoo (polo) and Nongmahi (acrobatics on the horse back) as well as spearmanship and swordsmanship. This inspired the lower classes to join martial activities like Soobak (bare hand techniques), Gakju (wrestling), Sukjun (stone throwing fighting) a.s.o. These military traditions were transmitted to Chosun, the next nation. Around this time cavalry martial arts like Gichang (spearmanship on the horseback) and Gisa (archery on the horseback) came up because of the continual attacks by nomad tribes from the north.
After two big wars with Japan and the Manchu, the Chosun's military system had undergone a drastic renovation with the addition of short range martial arts. It resulted in the completion of Chosn's martial arts system Sippalki. Sippalki means literally eighteen techniques and is composed of thrusting techniques such as Jangchang (long spear), Jookjangchang (bamboo long spear) and Dangpa (trident), slashing techniques such as BonGookgum, Yedo, Hyupdo, Jedokgum and Ssanggum, and strike techniques such as Gwonbup (bare hand techniques), GonBong (staff) and PyunGon (flail).
Sippalki is the synthesis of the most effective ancient martial arts of China, Japan, and Korea at that time from the perspective of Korea. After the liberation from the 35 years of Japanese annexation (and it’s cultural genocide) in 1945, many Korean martial arts were reconstructed claiming to represent the martial arts heritage of Korea. Recently the National Traditional Army Demonstration Troops were established, to demonstrate Sippalki and revive the Korean martial arts tradition. Exactly a century later the Korean army picks up its martial arts heritage since it was disarmed by the Japanese forces 1907.
The book is currently only available in Korean. The English edition is expected to be released in June 2008.
Contents
I. Martial arts tradition in Korea
Ancient militarism tradition
Sippalki, synthesis of ancient martial arts
II. Ancient martial arts
Weapon arts
Bare hand techniques
III. The formation of Sippalki and its contents
Japanese Invasion in 1592 and the compilation of Muyejebo (Martial arts illustrations)
MooyeJebo Bunyuksokjip (Martial Arts Illustrations Supplementary Translation) and its contents
Sippalki and Muyedobotongji (The Comprehensive Illustrated Martial Arts) Practice and test of Sippalki
IV. Modern Sippalki
Korean martial arts in modern times
Succession and development of today's Sippalki
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